状语从句是用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。
1.时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:
Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.
Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.
Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.
HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.
Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.
(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.
Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.
Hewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是一直到时,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到才,在以前不,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:
Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.
Letswaituntiltherainstops.
WewontstartuntilBobcomes.
Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.
2.条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:
Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?
DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.
(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.
Hewontbelateunlessheisill.
(3)祈使句and(or)陈述句在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:
Hurryup,oryoullbelate.
=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.
Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.
=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
3.原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:
Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.
Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.
(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:
------Whyarentgoingthere?
------BecauseIdontwantto.
Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.
Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。