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中考英语复习八:状语从句的考点讲解和训练

发布时间:2011-04-19 17:16:31来源:查字典-中考网

【考点直击】

1.时间状语从句

2.条件状语从句

3.原因状语从句

4.结果状语从句

5.比较状语从句

6.目的状语从句

7.让步状语从句

8.地点状语从句

【名师点睛】

用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。

1.时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:

Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.

Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.

Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.

HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.

Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.

(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.

Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.

Hewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是一直到时,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到才,在以前不,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:

Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.

Letswaituntiltherainstops.

WewontstartuntilBobcomes.

Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.

2.条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:

Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?

DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.

(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.

Hewontbelateunlessheisill.

(3)祈使句+and(or)+陈述句在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:

Hurryup,oryoullbelate.

=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.

Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.

=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

3.原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:

Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.

Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.

Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.

(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:

------Whyarentgoingthere?

------BecauseIdontwantto.

Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.

Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.

(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4.结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引导。例如:

Heissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.

Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.

Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.

(2)sothat语such...that可以互换。例如:

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句。例如:

Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.

Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.

Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.

在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:

Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.

Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.

Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:

Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.

=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.

(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。例如:

Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.

Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.

5.比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+than等连词引导。例如:

TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.

Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.

6.目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如:

Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.

Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.

Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:

Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)

Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)

7.让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如:

Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.

AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如:

我们不能说:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

应该说:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

8.地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:

Gowhereyoulike.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

【考点直击】

1.时间状语从句

2.条件状语从句

3.原因状语从句

4.结果状语从句

5.比较状语从句

6.目的状语从句

7.让步状语从句

8.地点状语从句

【名师点睛】

用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。

1.时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:

Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.

Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.

Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.

HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.

Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.

(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.

Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.

Hewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是一直到时,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到才,在以前不,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:

Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.

Letswaituntiltherainstops.

WewontstartuntilBobcomes.

Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.

2.条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:

Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?

DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.

(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.

Hewontbelateunlessheisill.

(3)祈使句+and(or)+陈述句在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:

Hurryup,oryoullbelate.

=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.

Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.

=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

3.原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:

Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.

Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.

Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.

(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:

------Whyarentgoingthere?

------BecauseIdontwantto.

Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.

Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.

(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4.结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引导。例如:

Heissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.

Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.

Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.

(2)sothat语such...that可以互换。例如:

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句。例如:

Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.

Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.

Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.

在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:

Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.

Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.

Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:

Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.

=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.

(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。例如:

Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.

Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.

5.比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+than等连词引导。例如:

TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.

Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.

6.目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如:

Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.

Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.

Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:

Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)

Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)

7.让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如:

Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.

AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如:

我们不能说:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

应该说:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

8.地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:

Gowhereyoulike.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

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