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中考英语复习九:定语从句的考点讲解和训练

发布时间:2011-04-19 17:20:09来源:查字典-中考网

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:

1.定语从句的功用和结构

2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

【名师精讲】

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

Idontlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.

2.作宾语:

SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

ThebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalledTheGreatEscape.

3.作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

4.作状语

IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?

MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.

3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom

whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如:

Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

2.只能用which,不用that的情况:

(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如:

Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

isaway.

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:

1.定语从句的功用和结构

2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

【名师精讲】

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

Idontlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.

2.作宾语:

SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

ThebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalledTheGreatEscape.

3.作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

4.作状语

IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?

MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.

3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom

whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如:

Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

2.只能用which,不用that的情况:

(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如:

Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

isaway.

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