【考点直击】
1.时间状语从句
2.条件状语从句
3.原因状语从句
4.结果状语从句
5.比较状语从句
6.目的状语从句
7.让步状语从句
8.地点状语从句
【名师点睛】
用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。
1.时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:
Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.
Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.
Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.
HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.
Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.
(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.
Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.
Hewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是一直到时,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到才,在以前不,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:
Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.
Letswaituntiltherainstops.
WewontstartuntilBobcomes.
Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.
2.条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:
Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?
DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.
(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.
Hewontbelateunlessheisill.
(3)祈使句+and(or)+陈述句在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:
Hurryup,oryoullbelate.
=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.
Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.
=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
3.原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:
Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.
Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.
(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:
------Whyarentgoingthere?
------BecauseIdontwantto.
Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.
Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4.结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引导。例如:
Heissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.
Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.
Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.
(2)sothat语such...that可以互换。例如:
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句。例如:
Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.
Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.
Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.
在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:
Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.
Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:
Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.
=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.
(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。例如:
Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.
Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+than等连词引导。例如:
TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.
Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.
6.目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如:
Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.
Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.
Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.
(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:
Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)
Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)
7.让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如:
Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如:
我们不能说:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
应该说:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
8.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:
Gowhereyoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
【考点直击】
1.时间状语从句
2.条件状语从句
3.原因状语从句
4.结果状语从句
5.比较状语从句
6.目的状语从句
7.让步状语从句
8.地点状语从句
【名师点睛】
用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。
1.时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:
Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.
Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.
Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.
HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.
Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.
(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.
Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.
Hewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是一直到时,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到才,在以前不,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:
Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.
Letswaituntiltherainstops.
WewontstartuntilBobcomes.
Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.
2.条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:
Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?
DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.
(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.
Hewontbelateunlessheisill.
(3)祈使句+and(or)+陈述句在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:
Hurryup,oryoullbelate.
=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.
Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.
=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
3.原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:
Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.
Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.
(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:
------Whyarentgoingthere?
------BecauseIdontwantto.
Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.
Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4.结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引导。例如:
Heissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.
Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.
Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.
(2)sothat语such...that可以互换。例如:
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句。例如:
Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.
Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.
Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.
在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:
Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.
Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:
Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.
=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.
(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。例如:
Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.
Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+than等连词引导。例如:
TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.
Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.
6.目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如:
Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.
Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.
Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.
(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:
Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)
Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)
7.让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如:
Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如:
我们不能说:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
应该说:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
8.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:
Gowhereyoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.