【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1.定语从句的功用和结构
2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
【名师精讲】
一.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.
Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?
IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?
ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.
二.关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
Idontlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.
ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.
2.作宾语:
SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.
ThebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalledTheGreatEscape.
3.作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?
Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.
4.作状语
IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.
Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?
MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.
Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.
Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.
Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom
whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:
(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如:
Allthathesaidistrue.
(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:
Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.
2.只能用which,不用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如:
Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.
isaway.
【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1.定语从句的功用和结构
2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
【名师精讲】
一.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.
Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?
IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?
ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.
二.关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
Idontlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.
ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.
2.作宾语:
SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.
ThebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalledTheGreatEscape.
3.作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?
Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.
4.作状语
IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.
Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?
MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.
Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.
Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.
Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom
whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:
(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如:
Allthathesaidistrue.
(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:
Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.
2.只能用which,不用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如:
Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.
isaway.