轻松记忆初中英语动词过去式和过去分词_中考复习-查字典中考网
 
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轻松记忆初中英语动词过去式和过去分词

发布时间:2011-10-12 11:07:41来源:查字典-中考网

初中英语简单的说过去式是用在一般过去时的,过去分词用在完成时态的.

具体点:就是分为规则动词和不规则动词两种情况来讲:

形式变化:

一.规则,过去式和过去分词都是在词末加-ed

二.不规则,要背不规则动词表。

用法:

过去式用于一般过去时

过去分词要和其它成分连用。

1.havehas+过去分词(现在完成时)

2.had+过去分词(过去完成时)

3.be+过去分词(被动语态)

过去式用来表达动词的过了、完了等意思,汉语里表达动作的时间时采用的是前后加字法,即在动词的前面或后面加字,如表达做过和做完,只要在动词的后面加上过了、完了就行了,如吃过了、看过了。而英语采用的是变形法,即不加字,而是让动词本身发生变化,如eat变成ate,see变成saw,ate、saw就是表达吃过了、看过的过去式。

而过去分词则完全是另一回事,它的写法和过去式有时一样有时不一样(简单词多不一样,长词多一样),但用法完全不一样,它有时表达被,有时表达完成,不仅可以做动词,还可以做形容词

英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中的规则。为方便同学们记忆,现将初中英语教学大纲中的69个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。

一、AAA型(原形、过去式和过去分词同形):

costcostcostcutcutcut

letletletputputput

readreadread

二、ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形):

bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuilt

buyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaught

digdugdugfeelfeltfelt

findfoundfoundgetgotgot

havehadhadhearheardheard

holdheldheldkeepkeptkept

※learnlearntlearntleaveleftleft

lendlentlentmakemademade

meetmetmetpaypaidpaid

saysaidsaidsellsoldsold

sendsentsentshineshoneshone

sitsatsatsleepsleptslept

※smellsmeltsmeltspendspentspent

standstoodstoodteachtaughttaught

telltoldtoldthinkthoughtthought

understandunderstoodunderstood

三、ABC型(原形、过去式和过去分词各异):

bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegun

blowblewblownbreakbrokebroken

dodiddonedrawdrewdrawn

drinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriven

eatateeatenfallfellfallen

flyflewflownforgetforgotforgotten

givegavegivengowentgone

growgrewgrownknowknewknown

lielaylainrideroderidden

ringrangrungseesawseen

showshowedshownsingsangsung

speakspokespokenswimswamswum

taketooktakenthrowthrewthrown

wakewokewokenwearworeworn

writewrotewritten

四、ABA型(原形与过去分词同形):

becomebecamebecomecomecamecome

五、AAB型(原形与过去式同形):

beatbeatbeaten

不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳

不规则动词过去式和过去分词

经典珍藏(初三)

A.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

cost----cost----costcut----cut----cutput----put----put

let----let----letset----set----sethit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shuthurt---hurt----hurtread---read----read读音/e/

lie---lied---lied说谎lay---laid---laid放置,下蛋

lay---lain躺下,位于,平放

eg.Thehensdont_______eggsduringsuchcoldweather.

She_____herbooksonthetable.____

B.过去式与过去分词完全相同

1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是〔:t〕

bright----brought----broughtthink----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caughtteach----taught----taught

2.动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----gotsell----sold----soldtell----told----told

3.动词原形中i为a,sit----sat----satspit----spat----spat

4.动词原形中i为o,win----won----wonshine----shone/shined----shone/shined

5.动词原形中an为oo,stand----stood---stoodunderstand----understood----understood

6.动词原形中的ay为ai,say----said----saidpay----paid----paid

7.a)动词原形中的d为t,send----sent----sentlend----lent----lent

spend----spent----spentbuild----built----built

b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,smell----smelt----smeltlose----lost----lost

c)动词原形后加一个字母t,learn----learnt----learntmean----meant----meant读音/e/

d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.字母e发音/e/

feel----felt----feltsleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept

keep----kept-----kept

其它meet----met----methave----had----hadhold----held----held

make----made----madedig----dug----dughear----heard----heard

find----found----foundhang----hung----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----comerun----ran----runbecome----became----become

D.原形,过去式,和过去分词完全不同

1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.

begin----began-----begundrink---drank----drunkring----rang-----rung

swim----swam----swumsing----sang----sung

2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.

blow----blew----blowngrow----grew----grownknow---knew---known

throw----threw----thrownfly----flew/flu:/----flown(和以上相似)

3.以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.

a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.

drive----drove----drivenrise---rose---risenwrite---wrote---written(双写t)

ride----rode----ridden(双写d)

b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolenbreak----broke----broken

c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

wake----woke----wokenfreeze----froze----frozen

choose----chose----chosenforget----forgot----forgotten(双写t,加en)

d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

eat----ate----eatenbeat----beat----beatenfall----fell----fallen

give----gave----givensee----saw----seentake----took----taken

mistake----mistook-----mistakenhide----hid----hidden(双写d)

E.没有过去分词的动词

can-----could-may----might-shall----should-will----would-

其它

am,is----was-----beenare-----were-----beendo-----did-----done

draw-----drew-----drawn/:/go-----went-----goneshow----showed----shown

wear---wore----worn

不规则动词的过去式(初二)

不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:

1.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:

become-became,come-came

2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:

begin-began,drink-drank,give-gave,ring-rang,sing-sang,sit-sat,swim-swam,sink-sank,

3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

drive-drove,ride-rode,shine-shone,win-won,write-wrote

4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:

get-got,forget-forgot

5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:

keep-kept,sleep-slept,sweep-swept

6.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:

stand-stood,understand-understood

7.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。如:

draw-drew,grow-grew,know-knew,throw-threw(动词show除外,show-showed)

8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:

break-broke,speak-spoke

9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:

sell-sold,tell-told

10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:

bring-brought,buy-bought,think-thought,catch-caught,teach-taught

11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

can-could,shall-should,will-would

12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:

hear〔hi〕-heard〔h:d〕,say〔sei〕-said〔sed〕,

mean〔mi:n〕-meant〔ment〕,dream-dreamt〔dremt〕

13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:

cut-cut,hit-hit,hurt-hurt,let-let,must-must,

put-put,read-read〔red〕,set-set

14.动词的过去式有两种形式。如:

dream-dreamed/dreamtlearn-learnt/learnedshine-shone/shined

smell-smelt/smelledwake-woke/waked

15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:

am,is-was,are-were,build-built,do-did,eat-ate,fall-fell,

feel-felt,find-found,fly-flew,go-went,have/has-had,hide-hid,

hold-held,lay-laid,leave-left,lie-lay,lose-lost,make-made,may-

might,run-ran,see-saw,smell-smelt,take-took,wake-woke,

B.过去式与过去分词完全相同

1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是〔:t〕

bright----brought----broughtthink----thought----thoughtbuy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caughtteach----taught----taught

2.动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----gotsell----sold----soldtell----told----told

3.动词原形中i为a,sit----sat----satspit----spat----spat

4.动词原形中i为o,win----won----wonshine----shone/shined----shone/shined

5.动词原形中an为oo,stand----stood---stoodunderstand----understood----understood

6.动词原形中的ay为ai,say----said----saidpay----paid----paid

7.a)动词原形中的d为t,send----sent----sentlend----lent----lent

spend----spent----spentbuild----built----built

b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,smell----smelt----smeltlose----lost----lost

c)动词原形后加一个字母t,learn----learnt----learntmean----meant----meant读音/e/

d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.字母e发音/e/

feel----felt----feltsleep----slept----sleptsweep---swept----swept

keep----kept-----kept

其它meet----met----methave----had----hadhold----held----held

make----made----madedig----dug----dughear----heard----heard

find----found----foundhang----hung----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----comerun----ran----runbecome----became----become

D.原形,过去式,和过去分词完全不同

1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.

begin----began-----begundrink---drank----drunkring----rang-----rung

swim----swam----swumsing----sang----sung

2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.

blow----blew----blowngrow----grew----grownknow---knew---known

throw----threw----thrownfly----flew/flu:/----flown(和以上相似)

3.以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.

a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.

drive----drove----drivenrise---rose---risenwrite---wrote---written(双写t)

ride----rode----ridden(双写d)

b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

speak----spoke----spokensteal----stole----stolenbreak----broke----broken

c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.

wake----woke----wokenfreeze----froze----frozen

choose----chose----chosenforget----forgot----forgotten(双写t,加en)

d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

eat----ate----eatenbeat----beat----beatenfall----fell----fallen

give----gave----givensee----saw----seentake----took----taken

mistake----mistook-----mistakenhide----hid----hidden(双写d)

E.没有过去分词的动词

can-----could-may----might-shall----should-will----would-

其它

am,is----was-----beenare-----were-----beendo-----did-----done

draw-----drew-----drawn/:/go-----went-----goneshow----showed----shown

wear---wore----worn

不规则动词的过去式(初二)

不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:

1.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:

become-became,come-came

2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:

begin-began,drink-drank,give-gave,ring-rang,sing-sang,sit-sat,swim-swam,sink-sank,

3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

drive-drove,ride-rode,shine-shone,win-won,write-wrote

4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:

get-got,forget-forgot

5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:

keep-kept,sleep-slept,sweep-swept

6.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:

stand-stood,understand-understood

7.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。如:

draw-drew,grow-grew,know-knew,throw-threw(动词show除外,show-showed)

8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:

break-broke,speak-spoke

9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:

sell-sold,tell-told

10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:

bring-brought,buy-bought,think-thought,catch-caught,teach-taught

11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

can-could,shall-should,will-would

12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:

hear〔hi〕-heard〔h:d〕,say〔sei〕-said〔sed〕,

mean〔mi:n〕-meant〔ment〕,dream-dreamt〔dremt〕

13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:

cut-cut,hit-hit,hurt-hurt,let-let,must-must,

put-put,read-read〔red〕,set-set

14.动词的过去式有两种形式。如:

dream-dreamed/dreamtlearn-learnt/learnedshine-shone/shined

smell-smelt/smelledwake-woke/waked

15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:

am,is-was,are-were,build-built,do-did,eat-ate,fall-fell,

feel-felt,find-found,fly-flew,go-went,have/has-had,hide-hid,

hold-held,lay-laid,leave-left,lie-lay,lose-lost,make-made,may-

might,run-ran,see-saw,smell-smelt,take-took,wake-woke,

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