英语语法复习真是一件甜蜜又痛苦的事情,你是不是看见分数在招手但又记不住?莫着急,小编今天就带你一起整理英语的重要语法之一:动词不定式的十大用法。
1.动词不定式作状语
例句:Mary likes English very much. She does her best to learn English well.
解析:go, come, try, do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式。
2.动词不定式作主语
例句:It's very nice of you to get me two tickets for the World Cup.
解析:动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice, kind, clever, good, right, wrong, foolish, careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质.
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语
例句: Robert often asks us to help him with his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, teach, expect, tell, allow等。
4.动词不定式作宾语
例句:Don't forget to bring your homework with you when you come to school.
解析:在want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
5.动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留
例句:Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
Yes, I'd like to . What time are we going to meet?
解析:在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式可以省略,但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"be glad to","would like (love) to","have to"等结构中。
6.动词不定式作定语
例句:He is not an easy man to get on with.
解析:不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。
7.动词不定式的否定形式
There is going to be an important meeting tomorrow. Please try not to be late.
解析:动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.
8.某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别
例句:Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop walking. (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)
解析:一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:"stop to do sth"意为"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事","stop doing sth"意为"停止正在做的事":"remember to do sth"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做),"remember doing sth"意为"记得做过某事"(事已做):"go on to do sth"意为"接着做某事"(做完一事,接着做另一事),"go on doing sth"意为"继续做某事"(一事未做完接着往下做):"forget to do sth"意为"忘了做某事"(事还未做),"forget doing sth"意为"忘了曾做过某事"(事已做)。
9.不带to的动词不定式
例句:I was made to do my homework in the afternoon.
解析:1.在see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词和make, have, let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。
2.在"had better"后面接不带to的不定式。
10.动词不定式的被动式和其他形式
The new hospital to be built is near the factory.
解析:当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时,用动词不定式的被动式,即:to be +过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,不定式用完成式,即:to have +过去分词;如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,用不定式的进行式,即:to be +现在分词。