初中英语语法：直接引语和间接引语
语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由 于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法
① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序
陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：
I am going to the cinema.
She said (that) she was going to the cinema.
② 一般疑问句
用if/whether连接，例：
Have you ever travelled by plane? she asked me.
She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.
③ 反意疑问句
用if/whether连接，例：
He asked，You are a doctor， arent you?
He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.
④ 特殊疑问句
由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：
He asked, Who will come to help us?
He asked who would come to help them.
She said, Where have you been， Simon?
She asked Simon where he had been.
⑤ 选择疑问句
由 whetheror 引导，例：
Eddie said, Is this a TV set or a computer?
Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.
⑥ 祈使句
用tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：
Put up your hands， said the teacher.
The teacher told them to put up their hands.
Dont play football on the street， the policeman said.
The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.
2. 时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应变化：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
3. 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语，直接引语变间接引语时的变化
① 指示代词
this that
these those
② 时间状语
now then
today that day
tonight that night
this morning (week， month) that morning (week， month )
tomorrow the next day
next week (month) the next week (month )
yesterday the day before
last week (month) the week (month) before
three days (a year ) ago three days (a year ) before
③ 地点状语 here there
④ 动词 come go
特别提示：以上变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械地照搬。假如就在当地转述，here 就不必改为there；如果就在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。
直击考点
一、单项填空
1. My parents always tell me ___ others lateat night.
Theyre right. Its not polite.
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
(06年 福州)
【答案】D
【解析】从答语他们说得对，那是不礼貌的可知，My parents always tell me意为父母常叫我不要在夜里给别人打电话。动词不定式是not to do，即tell sb. not to do sth. 。
2. This morning my mother asked me ___.
A. why he is not here B. how did my brother do it
C. what time is it D. what Judy did over the weekend
(06年 长春)
【答案】D
【解析】主句动词asked是过去式，间接引语应用与过去有关的时态，并用陈述语序，只有选项D符合要求。
3. They say there ___ a new bridge across the river in two years.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has
(06年 武汉)
【答案】B
【解析】They say句是一般现在时，又因 in two years两年之后，间接引语要用一般将来时; there be 不可与have一起用，故答案是B。
4. Could you tell me ____?
Glad to help.
A. if I have been to the Great Wall B. where did he study
C. how I can get to the station D. whats your name
(06年 锦州)
【答案】C
【解析】根据间接引语应该是陈述句语序，排除B、D选项，A意思不合逻辑。句中could是一种委婉语气，不要和过去时态联系在一起。
5. The students said they ____ have a picnic together after the big test.
A. would love to B. would love C. had love D. had love
(06年 呼和浩特)
【答案】A
【解析】主句中的said是动词过去式，从after the big test可判断，间接引语应该用过去将来时; to have a picnic together是would love的宾语。
6. What did the head teacher say at themeeting?
He said， We ___ be proud of working hard. We mustnt be lazy.
A. must B. neednt C. may D. cant
(06年 福州)
【答案】A
【解析】此题是一句直接引语，根据句意我们应该以勤劳为荣，不应该懒惰，选择A。
7. Who can tell me ___ at the meeting?
A. what he said B. he said what
C. what did he say D. how he said
(06年 徐州)
【答案】A
【解析】根据间接引语对连接词和语序的要求，排除B、C选项; said是及物动词，what作宾语。
8. Will you please tell us ____ before you came to our city?
A. where do you work B. where did you work
C. where you worked
(06年 成都)
【答案】C
【解析】 从句应该是用陈述语序。
二、根据要求完成下列各题。
1. If you ask someone to help you carry a heavy box， what will you say?
(06年 连云港)
【答案】Could you give/lend me a hand? 或：Could you help me，please?
【解析】因为请求别人帮忙，所以说话语气要委婉，使用could要比can更好。
2. My brother said he ____ (let) me have the bike as soon as he had cleaned it.
(用所给词的适当形式填空)
(06年 无锡)
【答案】would let/ was going to let
【解析】as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，因为主句是过去式，所以从句由一般将来时改变为过去将来时。
3. She said to me， Dont write the letter with a pencil. (改为间接引语)
She told me ___ with a pencil.
(06年 广州)
【答案】not to write the letter
【解析】直接引语是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，用not to do sth.作宾语补足语。