1.宾语从句:怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句?1在动词后作宾语(动宾):
Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?划线部分是动词know的宾语.
2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:
Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。
3在介词后作宾语(介宾):Letstalkabouthowwesolvethisproblem.
4在Imsorry,Imafraid,Imsure等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.
宾语从句需注意的时态问题:
1主句若是一般现在时,从句根据不同情况用不同时态。
Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.(soon指将来,从句用将来时)
Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.(暗指目前谁最聪明,从句用现在时)
Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.(今早已过去,从句用过去时)
2主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时。
HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.
ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.
3无论主句是何时态,从句若表客观真理,要用一般现在时。
Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.
4宾语从句无论有何引导词,句子都要用陈述句语序。
CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?(不是willyou)
Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)
2.状语从句:此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题:
1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等,则if(如果),unless(除非),when(当的时候),assoonas(一就),before,after,until,till,as(当的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.(主句有情态动词)
CouldyoulookaftermysonafterIleavehome?
(情态动词could是为了让语气委婉,并不指过去时,从句仍用一般现在时)
Iwillgooutassoonasitstopsrainingthisafternoon.(主句是将来时)
Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.(主句是祈使句)
2而主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用表过去时的适当时态,如:
IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.
Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.
Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.
3.定语从句:定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词,从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物。关系词作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人,只作宾语。关系副词where指在那里,when指在那时。(以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。)
Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautifulandkind-hearted.Thegirlwho/thatistallismysister.
(以上关系词作主语,不可省略。)
Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.(关系词做know的宾语,可以省略。)
Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.
(关系词whose表所属,后需接名词。前句指人,译为这个孩子的后句指物,译为这个自行车的。)
Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.(指物,作pay的宾语,可以省略。)
Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.(关系词译为这个地方,主语,不可省)
IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.(关系词译为在这个地方,是地点副词。)
Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.(在这一天,是时间副词)
4.wish和hope:1wish既可接todosth.也可接sb+todosth.也可接that从句.
IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.
Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.(注:接that从句时,从句用虚拟语气。)
2hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.
Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.
Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell.(接从句时不用虚拟)
5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.
(此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢,后无补充的结果。)
Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididntmakesuchmistakes.
(此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事,出现了后面的结果。)