1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.
2)表示 过去的动作一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示去过（去了又回来了）
have/has gone to 表示去过（去了没回来了）
如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)