英语时态要注意哪些问题?
一、时态一致与主将从现
二、短暂动词与延续性动词
三、过去时与现在完成时区别
一、主将从现
在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,那么从句要用一般现在时。
1、常见的有以下三种情况:
1)主句是一般将来时,那么时间/条件状语从句常常用一般现在时。如:
If I see him tomorrow, Ill tell him.
2)如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。如:
Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake.
3)如果主句含有情态动词,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。如:
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.
Dont worry. She ________ you a call as soon as she ________Shanghai tomorrow.
A. will give, reaches
B. gives, will get to
C. will give, arrive in
D. gives, will get to
二、短暂动词与延续性动词
短暂性动词也称做终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作。
常见的短暂性动词有:come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, become, borrow, get up等。
1、用法:
1)它们可以用于完成时态,说明某个动作的结果还存在。
例句: He has come back. The film has begun.
2)这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,但在否定句中,非延续性动词也可以用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
例句:I havent heard from Uncle Wang for a long time.
3)还可改用一般过去时来表达。
He came back a week ago.
4)也可用It is﹢一段时间﹢since句型来表达。
It is a week since he came back.
3、非延续性动词可以转换成延续性动词,主要有以下几种:
1)用相应的延续性动词:
buy --- have
borrow --- keep
put on --- be on
catch/get a cold --- have a cold
come/go/become --- be
2)转换成 be﹢名词:
join the Party --- be a Party member
join the army --- be a soldier
go to school --- be a student
3)转换成be + 介词短语:
go to school --- be in school
join the army --- be in the army
4)转换成be + adj.:
die --- be dead
finish --- be over
begin/start --- be on
leave --- be away (from)
close --- be closed
open --- be open
fall asleep --- be asleep
三、过去时与现在完成时区别
现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,过去时不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。
如:
1) Ive lived here for ten years.
我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
2) I lived here for ten years.
我在这里住过10年。
(现在不住这儿了)
3) He has bought a house.
他买了一栋房子。
(现在已拥有这房子)
4) He bought a house ten years ago.
他10年前买了房子。
(他现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)
三、过去时与现在完成时区别
现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,过去时不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。
如:
1) Ive lived here for ten years.
我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
2) I lived here for ten years.
我在这里住过10年。
(现在不住这儿了)
3) He has bought a house.
他买了一栋房子。
(现在已拥有这房子)
4) He bought a house ten years ago.
他10年前买了房子。
(他现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)