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2020中考英语五大类精华知识点汇总

发布时间:2020-04-16 18:53:43来源:查字典-中考网

一.英语语法重点与难点

1、 asas结构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom.

2、 (1)tooto与 sothat sb. cant的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:

The man was too angry to be able to speak.

The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.

(2) tooto与 not enough to句型的转换:

He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.

The book is too difficult for me to read.=

The book is not easy enough for me to read.

3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义:

约翰不象迈克那么苯。

John is not so stupid as Mike.

John is less stupid than Mike.

John is cleverer than Mike.

4、 用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。

John is taller than any other boy in the class.

John is the tallest boy in the class.

5、 the more.. the more.表示越越:

The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.

The more food you eat, the fatter you are.

6、 more and more.表示越来越:

More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

二.中考考点词组

1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示(时间)以后的意思

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?

如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中

如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走

2. how long, how often, how soon

how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?

how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:How often does he come here? Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。

how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?

3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示很少或几乎没有而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示有一些,有一点儿

few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词

several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有好几个的意思

some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量

4. the other, another

the other 指两个人或事物中的另一个,表示特指?如:We stood

another着重于不定数目中的另外一个,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书

5. spend, take, cost, pay

spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书

take常常用来指花费时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?

cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?

pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金

6. among, between

between 的意思是在中间,在之间,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)

7. beat, win

这两个词都有获胜,打败的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是打败,优于的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们。

win指赢,获胜,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

8. agree with, agree

agree

agree with表示与意见一致,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。

agree to后面不能接人,只能接提议,计划,方案等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。

9. bring, take, carry,fetch

这四个词都是动词,都含有带或拿的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。

bring作带来,拿来解?如:Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

take是bring的对语,作带去,拿去解?如:Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。

carry表示运载,携带之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。

fetch则表示去拿来的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

10. each, every

两词都是每个的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有所有的的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。

11. no

no

none指一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物),作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在主+系+表结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。

12. go

这三个动词短语都有继续做某事的意思,其区别如下:go

13. too much, much too

二者都有太,非常之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词。如:Its much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。

too much作太多讲,有以下三种用法?

(1)作名词词组 如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。

(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如:Dont drink too

much wine. 不要饮太多的酒

(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词 如:She talks too much. 她说话太多

14. happen, take place与occur

happen有偶然的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? Its all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!

occur 指有计划地使某些事发生,有时强调呈现于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?

事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。

take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示举行的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。

15. in front of, in the front of

in front of的意思是在前面。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。

in the front of的意思是在前部,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板

16. noise, voice, sound

这三个词都作声音解,在表示听到声音这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。

sound 作声音解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声

noise作噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音。

voice 作声音解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作意见、发言权解。如:I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事,我没有发言权。

17. arrive, get, reach

三者均可表示到达,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?

get之后通常接介词to。如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。

三.情态动词

1.考查情态动词表示推测的用法

[考点快忆] 表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must一定;准是,may也许;可能,might或许;表示否定推测的情态动词有:cant不可能, couldnt不会,may not也许不,might not或许不;can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不用于疑问句。

2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语

[考点快忆] 回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用neednt或dont have to。回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用neednt。回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustnt 或cant。

3.考查情态动词的意义

[考点快忆] must 必须;have to不得不;need 必须;需要;can(could)能;可能;may (might) 可以;可能;shall,will (would)将;会;愿意;要;should应当。

had better (not) + 动词原形表示建议;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does / did。

四. There be 的句子结构

There be是一个存在句型,表示有的意思,

肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为某地有某人或某物。如:

There is an eraser and two pensThere are two pens and an eraser

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

There arent any books

(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语

肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isnt / arent.

-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

-Yes, there is. 有。

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

-No, there arent. 没有。

(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

There

有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

-There

(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

五. 中考对定语从句的考查:

1.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

I dont like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

Ill never forget the time when we workedHe arrived in Beijing

7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:

He is the

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

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