考点一:情态动词在陈述句中的用法
1. can
⑴ 表示能力,一般译为能、会,尤其指生来具备的能力。
如:She can swim fast, but I cant .
⑵ 表示许可,常在口语中。
如:You can use my dictionary.
⑶ 表示推测,意为可能,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时cant译为不可能。
如:Can the news be true?
No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.
2. could
⑴ can的过去式,意为能、会,表示过去的能力。
如:He could write poems when he was 10.
⑵ could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。
如:Could you do me a favour?
Could I use your pen?
Yes, you can.(注意回答)
3. may
⑴ 表示请求、许可,比can正式,
如:May I borrow your bike? You may go home now.
⑵ 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为可能,或许,一般用于肯定句中。
如:It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home.
⑶ may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。
如:He is away from school. He might be sick.
⑷ 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为祝愿。通常是用may +主+V
如:May you have a good time.
May you be happy!
May you succeed!
4. must
⑴ must 表示主观看法,意为必须。
如:You must stay here until I come back.
Must I hand in my homework right now?
⑵ 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt 或dont have to .
如:Must I finish my homework?
No, you neednt.
⑶ must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为 一定,肯定,用于肯定句。
如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.
⑷ 其否定形式mustnt表示禁止,不许。
如:You mustnt play with fire.
You mustnt be late.
注意其反意问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
如:She must have seen the film before,hasntshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didnt you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need
⑴ need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为neednt,意为不必。
用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或dont have to。
如:Need I stay here any longer?
Yes, you must .
No. you neednt /dont have to.
need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。
如:I need to do it right now.
如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点:
① 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
② 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
例如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.
6. dare
dare意为敢、敢于,用法近似于need,有两种词性:
⑴ dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
如:Dare he tell them what he knows?
I darent ask her. Will you do it for me?
⑵ dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。
如:He doesnt dare to break his promise.
注意:口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。
如:Do you dare tell her what I said?
7. shall
shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)
如:Shall we go out for a walk?
Shall the driver wait outside?
8. should
⑴ should 意为应该,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
如:We should protect the environment.
⑵ Should have done 意为本应该做某事而没做,表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
如:You should have finished your homework.
9. will
will 表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。
如:I will help you if Im free this afternoon.
10. had better
had better 意为最好,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。
如:We had better go now.
考点二: 情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。