一.一般现在时
（一）一般现在时含义
1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
3)表示客观真理
e.g. There are seven days in aweek. The moon moves round the earth.
（二）结构与句型
其结构按正常语序，即主语+谓语+其它，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.
其句式变化可分为两种情况
1)表示动作， 一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词dont；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。E.g. They have lunch at12:00. They donthave lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunchat 12:00?
2）单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesnt；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。
Jenny speaks English verywell.
Jenny doesnt speakEnglish very well.
Does Jenny speak English verywell?
含有be动词的要在be上做变化.
Danny is a good student.
Danny isnt a goodstudent.
Is Danny a good student?
其时间状语为often、usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoonevening) 、everyday 等。
（三）学生常见错误如下：
1、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
答案：plant
解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了我们是在春天植树。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。
自我检测：
(1)单选
1) Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work
2) One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 )We will go shopping if it____tomorrow.
A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain
4 )He said the sun ____in the eastand ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5) Wang Mei ____ music and often ____to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6) Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
答案：1. B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B
(2)1 )I can take Li Ming therewhen he _____ ( come) to visit.
2) _____yoursister_____(know)English?
3)Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.
4)The pot_____(not look) like yoursvery much.
5) Where _____you____(have)lunchevery day?
6) Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7) ______she_____(do) the houseworkevery day?
8) Jenny and Dannyusually______(play) games in the afternoon .
答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look
2、单三人称形式易出错
例：
1) He plaies (play)football very well.
2) Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
答案：1) plays 2) goes
解析：1)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2)与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.
3、在句式变换时易出错
例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a goodfriend?
2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.
答案：1 Does have 2 doesnt live
解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：见助动，用原形。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.
4、对do的理解易出错
例：We dont(not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案：dont do
解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词做，干。此句中给出的do指做，干，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词dont。
5、对主语的数判断有误
例：Li Ming with me are (be) inBeijing.
答案: is
解析:表面一看是我和李明两个人在北京，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.
另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。
一般现在时练习
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say______
buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take______
love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______shine_______
leave_____wake_______ride_______write_______hike______give______see______swim______stop______shop_______plan______get_______sit_______let_______
cut_______run_______forget_______begin_______wash_____watch_______
finish______teach_____fish_______reach_______go_______do_____
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have)dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy_______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV onMonday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to thezoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like)the World Cup?
6. What _______they often_______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents_______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) usEnglish on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) awalk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) somewater in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like)cooking.
12. They _______(have) thesame hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look)after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do)your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. Im staying inbed.
16. She _______(go) to schoolfrom Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) notlike PE.
18. The child often_______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang_______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today? － Its Saturday.
21 We often ___________ (play)in the playground.
22. He _________ (get) up atsix oclock.
23. ________ you __________(brush) your teeth every morning?
24. What ________(do) heusually ________ (do) after school?
25. Danny ____________ (study)English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.
26. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
27. At eight at night, she____________ (watch) TV with her parents.
28. ________ Mike _________(read) English every day?
29. How many lessons _________your classmate _________ (have) on Monday?
30.What time _________ hismother _________ (do) the housework?
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV everyevening.(改为否定句)_________________________
2. I do my homework everyday.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computergames.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school everymorning.(改为否定句)____________________________
6. He speaks English verywell.(改为否定句)________________________
7. I like taking photos in thepark.(对划线部分提问)__________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)____________________________
9. She is always a goodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel likegoing skating.(改为否定句)
11. Do you often play footballafter school? (肯定回答)_______________
12. I have many books. （改为否定句）_________________________
13. Gao Shans sister likesplaying table tennis.（改为否定句）_________________
14. She lives in a small townnear New York. （改为一般疑问句）_________________
15. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）___________________________
16. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）_________________________
17. We have four lessons.（改为否定句）____________________________
18. Nancy doesnt run fast. （改为肯定句）_________________________
19. My dog runs fast. 否定句：______________一般疑问句：________________
20. Mike has two letters forhim.一般疑问句：_______________ 否定句：________
21. I usually play football onFriday afternoon.
否定句: ________________ 一般疑问句:_____________
划线提问____________________
22. Sun Yang usually washessome clothes on Saturday.
否定句: _____________ 一般疑问句: ________________划线提问: ____________
23. Mingming usually watersthe flowers every day.
否定句: ________________ 一般疑问句: _____________划线提问 _____________
24. Tom does his homework athome.
否定句: ______________ 一般疑问句: ____________划线提问_____________
四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes goingfishing? __________________
3. He likes play games afterclass. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs usEnglish. __________________
5. She dont do herhomework on Sundays. _________________
参考答案：
一、略
二、1 has 2 are 3 doesnt watch 4 doesnt go 5 Do like 6 do do 7 Do read
8 teaches 9 take 10 is 11 likes 12 have 13 look/islooking 14 do
15 am 16 goes 17 does 18watches 19 have 20 is 21 play 22 gets 23 Do brush
24 does do 25 studies 26 goes27 watches 28 Does read 29 does have 30 does do
三、略
四、1. Is---Does 2. likes---like 3. play---playing 4. teachs---teaches
5. dont --- doesnt
二、现在进行时
（一）含义：
1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调此时此刻。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.
2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.
3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.
（二）结构与句型
其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有：
1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing, E.g. jump
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write
3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put
其句式变换都在be上
He is buying a bike.
Is he buying a bike?
He isnt buying abike.
一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。
常见的错误有如下几种：
(一)把动词变成现在分词形式易出错
例：
1、They areswiming.(swim)
2 、Jenny isplaiing(play)football.
答案：1.swimming 2 .playing
解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:一添一去y不变. 一添指双写规则；一去指去掉不发音字母e规则；y不变指要与名词变复数区分开。
(二)丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词
例：
1、 Look,twochildren flying.(fly) a kite in the park.
2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.
答案：1 are flying 2 isnt reading
解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: be+现在分词,缺一不可。这一点必须牢记。
(三)对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing
例：
1 、The studentsare singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)
What are the students in theroom?
答案：What are the students doing in theroom?
解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式What +be +主语+doing+其它?
或简写为What......doing......?句式。
(四)现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式
例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？
Are the children running orjump?
答案：Are the children running or jumping?
解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。
自我检测
（一） 单选
1、 Look! He_____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping
2 、_____are theboys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B .How C.What D.Where
3、 Dont talk here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
4 、Danny______. Dont call him.
A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes
5 、When_____he_____back?
Sorry, I dontknow.
A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming
答案：A C A B D
（二）、填空
1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.
2、 What____he_____(mend)?
3、 We_____(play)games now.
4、 What____you____(do) these days?
5、 ____he___(clean) the classroom?
6、Who____(sing)in the next room?
7 、Thegirl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.
答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing
5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing
三、一般过去时
（一）含义
表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：
1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.He was a worker two years ago.
2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often playedwith fire. Li Lei always walked toschool last term.
3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?
另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?
（二）结构与句型
其结构是主语+动词的过去式。be动词的过去式为was,were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：
1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed.e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked;
2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.
3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.e.g. shop-----shopped;
4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.
其句式变化分为两种情况
1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980?
2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?
3）其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning;
由last+时间构成的短语,e.g. last year;
由时间段+ago构成的短语, e.g. three days ago;
另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.
自主检测:
（一 ）选择
1 She lived there beforehe____to China.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
2 I _____but_____nothing.
A . was listened;washearing B. listened;heard
C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of
3 When did you ____here?
A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach
4 I____my homework at 7:00yesterday evening.
A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish
5 -He didnt go shopping withyou yesterday afternoon, did he?
- _______.
A. No, he doesn B. Yes, he didn C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.
6 -I have had supper.
- When ____you____it?
A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have
答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5D 6 C
（二） 填空
1． They____(be)on the farm a moment ago.
2．There____(be)a shop not long ago.
3．Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.
4． Danny_____(read )English five minutes ago.
5． I_____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.
6． He ____(do)hishomework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.
7． When I wasyoung, I _____(play)games with my friends.
8． When____you_____(write)this book?
I _____it last year.
9． Didhe____(have) lunch at home?
10． I_____(eat) the bread, I m full now.
答案:1 were 2 was 3 didnt go 4 read 5 saw go
6 does ; didnt do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten
常见错误如下:
一、把动词变成过去式易出错
例:
1 They stoped (stop) talkingjust now.
2 They plaied (play) footballyesterday.
答案: 1 stopped 2 played
解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed.
二、忘记把动词变成过去式
例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoonof Sunday.
答案: flew
解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记.
三、在句式变换时易出错
例:
1 We didnt went (not go) outlast Friday.
2 Did you had (have) a goodtime yesterday?
答案: 1 didnt go 2 Did have
解析:请记住口诀见助动, 用原形.
四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混
例: He taughts (teach) me English lastyear.
答案: taught
解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.
五、易与现在完成时弄混
例: 我看过这部电影
I saw(see) the film.
答案: I have seen (see) the film.
解析:我看过这部电影说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;
一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..
六、易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。
四、一般将来时
（一）含义
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a footballmatch tomorrow. He will be thirty nextweek. She is going to buy a coat thisafternoon.
（二）结构与句型
1、结构有如下几种:
1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo?
2)be going to +动词原形
3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.
2、句型
第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back inthree days. She will not be back inthree days. Will She be back in threedays?
第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean theirclassroom. Are they going to clean theirclassroom?
3、其时间状语有如下几种1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ;in the future ; in an hour 等。
学生常见错误如下：
1、易忽视动词用原形形式
例：
1) He will is (be) at schoolnext Monday.
2 )He is going to does (do)his homework after school.
答案：1 be 2 do
解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，英语句子里，动词不能少的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。
2、be going to+动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚
例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。
I am studying hard and I willtry for my English exams.
答案：I am studying hard and I am going totry for my English exams.
解析：be going to 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. Its going torain. 而Will+动词原形 指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。
自主检测：
（一）、 单选
1 _____you ____a doctor whenyou grow up?
A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be
2 I dont know ifhis uncle _____. I think he _____ if itdoesnt rain.
A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come
3 He will be back _____a fewminutes.
A. with B. for C. on D. in
4 What time _____we meet atthe gate tomorrow?
A. will B. shall C. do D. are
5 He will have a holiday assoon as he _____the work next week.
A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish
6 There _____some showers thisafternoon.
A will be B will have C is going to be D are going tohave
7 It ____my brothers birthday tomorrow.She _____a party.
A is going to be; willhave B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be
8 Li Ming is 10 years old now,next year he _____11.
A is B is going to be C will be D will to be
答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8C
（二）、 填空
1. -I need somepaper.
- I____(bring)some for you.
2.____(be)you free tomorrow?
3. They _________(not leave)until you come back.
4 ._____we_____(go) to theparty together this afternoon?
5. They want to know when themeeting _____start.
6 .I _____(go) with you if Ihave time.
7. Hurry up! Or we ______(be)late.
8.What ____you _______(do)tomorrow afternoon?
9. Jenny ____ _____ (do) anexperiment the day after tomorrow.
10 If she isnt freetomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.
答案：1. will bring 2. Are 3. wont leave 4.Shall go 5. will 6. will go
7. will be 8. are going to do 9. will do 10. wont take
三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错
例：There_________ a basketball matchthis afternoon. (B)
A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have
答案：A
解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当有讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的.
四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to
例：Im going_______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C)
A to will go B to go to C go to D to go
答案：B
解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go toschool 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。
另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.
五、一般将来时态
一般将来时态，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrowmorning, next year, the day after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. 助动词will+动词原形
在句法中，will在名词或代词的后面常缩写为ll, will not 常缩写为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称I 或We时，常用助动词shall, shall not 缩写为shant。如：
She will be back here tomorrowafternoon.
她明天下午将要回到这儿来。
Shall we get to the zoo earlytomorrow morning?
我们得明天早上早点到达动物园吗？
2. be going to +动词原形
该句式往往表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或将要发生的事。其中be有人称和数的变化，即am, is , are。如：
I am going to watch a movie.
我打算今晚看电影。
She is going to see hergrandpa tomorrow.
她打算明天去看望她的爷爷。
We are not going to meetoutside the school gate.
我们不打算在校门口见面。
3. 其他
① 表示移动性的瞬间动词用于进行时，表将来。
在英语中，类似come等等动词被称为移动性动词，其进行时态可以表将来，类似的动词还有go, leave, start, begin等。如：
The train is coming. 火车就要来了。
The bus is arriving at 9:00. 公交车将于早上9点到达。
② 在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句，或是含有情态动词，则从句用一般现在时来表示将来。如：
You cant go home ifyou dont finish your homework.
如果你完不成作业，你不能回家。
When I am older, I think Iwill be a scientist.
当我长大了，我认为我会成为一个科学家。
练习检测
I 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. She ________ flowers in mygarden tomorrow morning. （water）
2. I will stay at home if it_________ tomorrow. （rain）
3. What are you ________ to dotomorrow? （go）
4. The radio says it ________rainy tomorrow. （be）
5. She says she _________ me abeautiful dress tomorrow morning. （buy）
II 句型转换。
6. Li Ming will play with atoy car. （转换为一般疑问句）
_____Li Ming _____ with a toy car？
7. Theyll go for awalk after supper. （转换为否定句）
They _____ _____ for a walk after supper.
8. Will the flowers come outnext week? （作否定回答）
_____, _____ _____.
9. I will have an English examtomorrow. （转换为同义句）
I _____ _____ _____ have an English examtomorrow.
10. The boys have a basketballl match on Saturday. （用nextSaturday y来改写）
The boys _____ _____ _____ _____ abasketball match next Saturday.
参考答案
1. will water / is going towater 2. rains 3. going 4. will be
5. will buy / is going tobuy 6. Will play 7. wont go 8. No, they wont
9. am going to 10. are going to have
六、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclockyesterday morning. My mother wascooking when I got home. I was washingmy clothes at this time yesterday. 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing duringthe holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.
其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing.
其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。例如
We were working inclass.
We werent working inclass.
Were you working inclass?
过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, atthat time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was workingfor.
做题时常见错误如下：
一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词
例：He was talked (talk) to his mum atthat time.
答案：was talking
解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。
二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词
例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he camein.
2 They were play (play) gamesat 5:00 p.m. yesterday.
答案：1 was watching 2 were playing
解析：现在进行时中be+现在分词,缺一不可的规律也可应用于过去进行时。
三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing
例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m.yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
What were you at 5:00 p.m.yesterday?
答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m.yesterday?
解析：现在进行时中Whatdoing?句式同样适用于过去进行时。
四、易与现在进行时弄混
例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I gothome.
答案：was cooking
解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。
五、易与一般过去时弄混
例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。
I read (read) a story bookyesterday evening.
答案：was reading
解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。在说明正在进行，而I read a story book yesterday evening.的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。
另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。
e.g. He said that he wasdrawing a cat at noon yesterday.
自我检测：
（一）、单选
1 What ______ from three tofour yesterday afternoon?
A． have youdone
B. had you done
C. did you do
D. were you doing
2 I call youyesterday evening, but there was no answer.
- Oh., Im sorry I_____ dinner at my friends home.
A home B had
C was having D have had
3 My mother _____ while myfather _____TV.
A cooked; was watching
B was cooking; was watching
C was cooked; watched
D cooked; watched
4 When I got home, my son_____ the music.
A am listening to B listened to
C was listening to D was listening
5 We heard a cry when we______ TV last night.
A were watching B would watch
C watch D watched
6 She asked him whether he_____ back for lunch.
A come B was coming
C came D had come
7 Could you tell me when______?
A she is coming B she was coming
C will be come D is he coming
8 The teacher ______ when Icame into the classroom.
A is drawing B draws
C has drawn D was drawing
9 The pizza ______ by mymother. Would you like to have some?
A makes B was making C made D was made
10 Nobody noticed what she______ at the moment.
A will do B was doing
C has done D had done
11 Was it raining hard whenyou _____ this morning?
A left B leaves
C was leaving
D would leave
参考答案：1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 D 9D 10 B 11 A
（二）、填空
1 ______ they______ (feed) theanimals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?
2 Mrs.Green _____ _____ (not wash) clothes at this timeyesterday.
3 Grandpa ______ ______ (mend) his clock when I reached home.
4 As I _____ (walk) in thepark, I saw some children playing games.
参考答案：1 were feeding 2 wasntwashing 3 was mending 4 was walking
七、过去完成时
1. 基本形式：had + 过去分词。
2. 否定形式：had +not + 过去分词(had not照样可缩写hadnt)。
3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadnt. 例如：
--- Had she told you to gothere earlier yesterday? 她昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？
--- Yes, she had. / No, shehadnt. 是的，她告诉了。/ 不，她没有。
4. 被动语态形式：had +been + 过去分词。如：
When I got there, the windowshad been broken.
当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。
过去完成时态是个相对的时态，不能离开过去某时 / 动作而独立存在，只能早于过去某时 / 动作，或频频光顾于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，所以already / yet/ still / just / before / never / by（the end of）last year 等时间状语常来配合作战；也常活跃在after / before/ when + 过去时态从句或by the time + 过去时态从句等的主句中。如：
By the time we got there, shehad left. 当我们到达那里的时候，她已经离开了。
与其他时态间的联系与区别
1. 与一般过去时态小同大异：我和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但我强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、last year等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：
By the end of last year, I hadvisited seven different cities.
截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。
We learned another Englishsong last month.
上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。
2.与现在完成时态似是而非：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而我表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：
I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。
I had been there twice beforeI went to school. 在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。
【完成时态专练】
1. He ___________（turn）off the light. We can leave now.
2. By the time we got to thecinema, the film ___________（begin）.
3. She ___________（finish）her homework before I left school.
4. My mother ___________（be）a teacher since 2003.
5. He told us that he___________（give）the book to his brother.
6. I ___________（wash）all the clothes. So I can have a rest.
7. They ___________（stay）in China for a long time.
8. My father ___________（arrive）home before nine oclock last night.
【参考答案】
1. has turned 2. had began
3. had finished 4. has been
5. had given 6. have washed
7. have stayed 8. had arrived
七、一般过去时
1. 一般过去时常用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。在一般过去时态的句子中，要注意其谓语动词要用动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式的构成，如see-saw，go-went等；此外，疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did。用在一般过去时态中的时间状语有yesterday，last Tuesday，three weeks ago等，当然，还有由when，before，after等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。
例句：
Mary didnt stay athome yesterday morning.
I often played games by theriver when I was young.
【中考链接】
We were in Qingdao last weekand _______ a great time.
A. will have B. have had
C. had D. have （北京）
【解析】选C。根据句中的时间状语last week可知句子用的是一般过去时态，and连接的前后两个并列句，时态要保持一致。故and后也用一般过去时态。
2. 有时候，在一个句子中，并没有表明明确的时间状语，但根据句子的意思，可以判断出动作是发生在过去的，因此也用一般过去时态。
eg: I knew he liked collectingmatch boxes. （我当时知道他收集火柴盒）
--- Hi, Nancy. How was your trip to theGreat Wall?
--- Hi, Bill. Oh, we had a good time there.
（句子在说他们谈论的过去的事，应用一般过去时态。）
【中考链接】
① --- When _______ your mother ________you that blue dress, Mary?
--- Sorry, I really cantremember. （武汉）
A. does, buy B. has, bought
C. had, bought D. did, buy
② --- I called you just now, but nobodyanswered. Where _______?
--- I was out with mymother. （安徽）
A. were you B. are you
C. have you gone D. have you gone
【解析】
① 选D。句子问的是你妈妈合适为你买的那条蓝色的裙子，可知买裙子的事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时态。
② 选A。根据句意，说的是我刚才给你打电话，但没人接，紧接着问你当时在哪儿，因此用一般过去时态。
八、过去进行时
1. 过去进行时态用来表示过去某一具体时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本构成为was / were +doing。常用在过去进行时态中的时间状语有at thistime yesterday，at ten oclocklast night，at that time等以及由when或while引导的时间状语从句。
例句：
I was listening to the radiioat half past eight yesterday morning.
What were you doing when Iknocked at the door?
【中考链接】
--- Were you at home at nine oclock lastnight?
--- Yes, I _________ a showerat that time. （吉林）
A. took B. was taking
C. was taken D. am taking
【解析】选B。根据句中的时间状语at nine oclock last night，可知是过去具体的某一时刻，因此答句应用过去进行时态。
2. 表示在过去的某一时间同事发生的两个动作，往往用过去进行时态来表示延续的动作，用一般过去时态来表示短暂的动作。此外，while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作（动词应为延续性动词）；此时，强调动作同时进行。
Mum was cooking dinner when Ireturned home.
Danny was writing a while wewrere watching TV.
【中考链接】
① The children ______ a P.E. class onthe playground when it suddenly began to rain. （河北）
A. have B. am having C. had D. were having
② I ______my homework while my parents______ TV last night. (南京）
A. did, have watched
B. was doing, were watching
C. had done, werewatching
D. would do, were watching
【解析】
① 选D。When 引导的时间状语从句是过去时，所以主句的动作是发生在过去的时间点里孩子们正在上体育课，所以用过去进行时态。
② 选B。因为时间状语是在昨晚表示过去的时间，而while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作，所以选D。
3. 过去进行时态还可以用来表示在过去一段时间内持续进行的动作（有时也可以有间歇）。
例句
It was snowing last night.
We were listening to music thewhole morning yesterday.
注意，此时用过去进行时态是和一般过去时态有明显的差别的。前者表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（可能没完成），而后者往往表示动作已经完成。
例句
I was reading a storybook lastnight. （强调昨晚一直在看，可能未看完）。
I read a storybook lastnight. （只是表达动作昨晚看故事书了，已看完）。
九、过去将来时
过去将来时态表示从过去某一时间来看要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有thenext day, the next year等。
1.构成
和一般将来时态相对应，其构成常用以下两种，would + 动词原形和was / were going to + 动词原形。此外，还可用was / wereto do sth.和限于某些瞬间动词come, go, leave等的过去进行时态来表示过去将来。
2.用法
（1）常用于宾语从句中。eg:He told me he would come here by train the next week.
【中考链接】The Japanese asked when Lucy_________ the USA. （山西）)
A. flying to B. will fly to C. would fly to D. flew for
【解析】选C。主句中的谓语动词为asked, 从当时看将要发生的动作要用过去将来时。故选C。
（2）叙述发生在过去的故事。
It was a sunny morning. A boyran on the road and he was going to
（3）表示过去的习惯性动作常用would+ do 来表示，相当于uesd to do，意为过去常常。
He would often put up his handin class when he was young.
= He uesd to put up his handin class when he was young.
十、过去完成时
过去完成时态常用来表示在过去的过去发生或完成的动作，也可用来表示在过去的过去发生的动作或状态持续到过去，其基本结构为had+done。
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。也就是我们常说的过去的过去，与之常连用的时间状语有by last week, by the end of last year等。并且过去完成时常出现在由when, before, after引导的复合句中。
We had finished our homeworkwhen class was over.
By the time we got there, hehad left.
【中考链接】By the end of last year, we_______ more than 2,000 words.
A. learned B. have learned C. had learned （青海）
【解析】选C。根据句中的时间状语by the end of last year, 说的是到去年年底为止，故句子用完成时态。
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常与for, since等引导的时间状语连用，句中需用延续性动词。
He said he had been a teachersince 2001.
The film had been on 10minutes when we got to the cinima.
3. 常用在宾语从句中，此时主句为一般过去时。
He told me he had finishedwriting the novel.
【中考链接】
---Why did Miss Wang look soworied when we saw her?
---Because she wondered______. （南京）
A. where did the otherstudents go
B. when would the policemancome
C. what her students have doneduring the trip
D. if her students hadsurvived the earthquake.
【解析】选D。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，所以排除A和B。宾语从句和主句的时态要保持一致，主句是一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态，即过去完成时态，所以选D。
备战中考
（ ）1. Our teacher, Mr.Zhang, _____ English on theradio three days ago.
A. teaches B. taught
C. will teach D. had taught
（ ）2. --- Were you at home at 10 oclock last night?
--- Yes.I _____ TV at thattime.
A. watched B. was watching
C. was watched D. am watching
（ ）3. Parick said he _____ his grandpa next Saturday.
A. will visit B. were going to visit
C. would visit D. is going to visit
（ ）4. When the ambulance came, he _____ for threeminutes.
A. died B. has died
C. had died D. had been dead
（ ）5. Bill _____ to work in his hometown after hegraduated from Beijng.
A. goes B. went
C. will go D. had gone
（ ）6. --- Did he tell you when he ____- to school?
--- No, he didnt.
A. returned B. will return
C. would return D. has returned
（ ）7. While he _____ his homework, his mother cameback.
A. was doing B. is doing
C. did D. would do
（ ）8. --- Has he returne the money to you yet?
--- Not yet. But he said he _____ itsoon.
A. returned B. has returned
C. will return D. would return
（ ）9. --- When ___ you ____this white car?
---Three weeks ago.
A. did, buy B. do, buy
C. have, bought D. will, buy
（ ）10. I really wanted to know how many tree you_____.
A. have planted B. had planted
C. will plant D. will planted
参考答案
1-5 BBCDB 6-10 CADAB