中考英语复习指导:句型转换口诀
口诀
句型变化很简单, / 先把句中动词看:/ be may must will can,/ 否定句not加后边。/ 一般问句也不难,/ 助情动词放句前;/ 两种回答yes no,/ 句首动词人后面。/ 没有现成怎么办?/ do does did来相伴,/ 三单式过去要还原。/ 特殊问句更简单,/ 疑问词后跟一般。/ 事物职业等what,/ who人where问地点,/ whose谁的所有权。/ 数量how many复后边,/ how much不可数和价钱。/ why问原因慢慢谈,/ what time when时间, / how old岁数多少年?/ how be人身永康健!
例析
上述口诀表明:句型变化的关键是识别和取决于句中的动词。如果句中有现成的 be ,have,used,may ,must ,will ,can等助动词或情态动词,则在其后直接加上not即构成否定句;将其提于句首则成为一般疑问句,在简略回答中,除there be句型外,在yes或no后边一般要使用人称代词主格+助动词或情态动词成分,其中的助动词或情态动词应该与问句保持一致。例如,(1) Thats her grandfather over there(改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答)。根据口诀,我们发现句中有现成的 be动词is ,不需要其他的助动词来协助,故本句的否定句为:Thats not her grandfather over there;一般疑问句及回答为:Is that her grandfather over there?Yes,he is;/ No,he isnt. (2) Tom used to read Chinese histories.(改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答),句中的used是一个突破口,故否定句为Tom used not to read Chinese histories;一般问句和回答为Used Tom to read Chinese histories ?Yes,he used;/ No,he usednt. 但根据传统习惯,本句也可以将used视为行为动词 use的过去式,故其否定句和一般疑问句及回答分别是Tom didnt use to read Chinese histories和Did Tom use to read Chinese histories ?Yes,he did;No,he didnt .
没有现成怎么办指的是句中没有be ,have,used,may ,must ,will ,can等助动词或情态动词的情况。如果没有,则要根据动词的时态和形式借用相应的助动词 do(帮助行为动词原形),does(帮助行为动词的第三人称单数形式)或 did(帮助行为动词的过去时形式)来协助构成否定句或问句;三单式过去要还原 指的是在用 does或 did协助构成否定句或问句后,原句中的动词第三人称单数形式或过去式必须改为动词原形,否则就犯了重复的错误,这也是许多学生惯犯的一种错误,令老师头疼。例(3) Li Ping goes shopping with her mother on Sundays(改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答)。句中有三单式goes , 立刻就联想到does的助动词功能,故本题的答案分别为Li Ping doesnt go shopping with her mother on Sundays和Does Li Ping go shopping with her mother on Sundays?Yes,she does;/ No,she doesnt. 但要注意,do和have还有行为动词的功能,这是学生在做句型转换练习时遇到的又一难题,误将句中的do或have视为助动词而导致错误的结果。如(4) My brother does his homework in the evening(改为否定句和一般疑问句),能够想到正确答案My brother doesnt do his homework in the evening和Does your brother do his homework in the evening?的同学为数不多。(5) Jims parents have lunch in the factory(改为否定句和一般疑问句并回答),许多学生就错解为Jims parents havent lunch in the factory和Have Jims parents lunch in the factory? Yes , they have ; / No , they havent . 而本句中的have是行为动词吃 的意思,正确做法应该为Jims parents dont have lunch in the factory和 Do Jims parents have lunch in the factory? Yes , they do ;/ No, they dont .
疑问词后跟一般意思是特殊疑问句由疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句构成,只要学生掌握了一般疑问句的转换要点和各类疑问代词或疑问副词的意义和功能,特殊疑问句以及其他的句型变化就会迎刃而解。例如,口诀中的事物职业等what,其意义功能指的是what用来对事物、职业、姓名、颜色等提问,如(6) My e-mail address is (对画线部分提问)为What is your e-mail address? who人where问地点是指who用于对人物、身份、关系等句子成分提问而where用于对地点状语提问,例(7) Kates shoes are under the bed(对画线部分提问)为Where are Kates shoes? 而表面看起来很相似的另一个句子The shoes under the bed are Kates(对画线部分提问),学生做起来就又感到纳闷了,是用where还是which提问呢?其纳闷的根本原因是没有弄懂画线部分under the bed在本句中是后置定语,故本题的正确解答应为Which shoes are Kates? 数量how many复后边即对数量提问用how many,后面接复数形式,例如(8) There are fifty-two students in Toms class(对画线部分提问)为How many students are there in Toms class?How many后边接的是复数形式students和are . how much用于对不可数名词或价钱提问,如(9) The black pants are $75(对画线部分提问)为How much (money) are the black pants? 当然,本句也可以表示为Whats the price of the black pants? how be人身永康健即How be sb? 一般用于询问某人的身体健康状况,如(10) How are you? Im well, thank you .