2016年中考英语:常用的不规则变化动词形态大全-不规则动词_中考复习-查字典中考网
 
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2016年中考英语:常用的不规则变化动词形态大全-不规则动词

发布时间:2016-04-07 11:32:33来源:查字典-中考网

★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)

二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:

beat/beat/beaten

三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:

come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run

(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)

四、过去式,过去分词相同:

(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed

(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept

(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t

spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt

(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾

catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought

buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought

(5)将stand改为stood

stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood

(6)将ay改为aid

lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said

(7)将d改为t

lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent

spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built

(8)将i改为a,o,u等

sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat

dig/dug/dugwin/won/won

(9)将ell改为old

tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold

(10)词尾加t

learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:

learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned

light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted

(12)其它

have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost

hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)

find/found/foundmake/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同:

(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn

(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词

begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk

(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾

drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written

rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden

(4)原形后加n变成过去分词

drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten

give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen

(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词

break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken

take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten

go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen

wear/wore/worn

六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken

七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:

shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:

shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死

八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词

lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying

find找到、发现find/found/found

found创建,成立found/founded/founded

九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

(一)词义相对:

(1)come/came/come来go/went/gone去

(2)give/gave/given给get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得

(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉wake/woke/woken(或woke)

或wake/waked/waked醒来

(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉

(5)buy/bought/bought买sell/sold/sold出售,卖

(6)take/took/taken带去bring/brought/brought带来

(7)teach/taught/taught教learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned学习、学会

(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败find/found/found找到

win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

(9)stand/stood/stood站、立sit/sat/sat坐

(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送get/got/got获得、收到

(二)词义相近:

(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜

(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解

know/knew/known知道,了解,认识

(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得

become/became/become变成,成为,变得

go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成

(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过

pay/paid/paid支付、交纳

cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

take/took/taken花费

(5)say/said/said说、讲

speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

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