Unit 1 How can we become good learners?
by+V-ing
★by+V-ing结构在句子中作方式状语,常用来表示以、靠、借助、通过、用(某种方法或手段)而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答 How do you...? 之类的问题。
★ 当 by 和表示交通工具的名词连用时,它与名词之间不用任何限定词,且名词用单数形式。
They often go to school by subway. 他们经常坐地铁上学。
★ by,in 和 with 都可以表示通过;借助。by 后接表示动作、行为的名词;in 表示用某种语言;用某种材料;with 后接表示物体或工具的名词。
如:
You may send the book by post. 你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。
提建议句式
①What/how about +doing sth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why dont you +do sth.?
如:Why dont you go shopping?
③Why not +do sth.?
如:Why not go shopping?
④Lets +do sth.
如:Lets go shopping
⑤Shall we/I+ do sth.?
如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!
宾语从句
that,if 和 whatever 引导的宾语从句:
★ 宾语从句中连接词的选择
1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句:that 在从句中无词义,不作任何成分,常可省略。如:
Jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper.
I think (that) you are right.
2. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句:if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时,一般可通用,都表示是否。如:
I dont know if / whether she still works there.
I want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street.
但在下列情况下,只能用 whether,而不能用 if:
(1)在 whether ... or not 或 whether or not 结构中,不能用 if。如:
Nobody knows whether or not it will rain.
(2)在介词之后用 whether。如:
Im interested in whether he likes English.
★ 主从句时态的呼应
当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可用各种时态;
当主句是一般过去时态时,从句常用过去的某种时态。
但当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,即使主句为过去时,宾语从句仍然用一般现在时态。如:
He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.
Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
直击中考
1.【2018.四川乐山】-Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.
-Dont mention it. _____ you have more questions,come to me any time.
A.If
B.Because
C.Though
答案见文末
反义疑问句
①肯定陈述句+否定提问。如:
Lily is a student isnt she?
Lily will go to China,wont she?
②否定陈述句+肯定提问。如:
She doesnt come from China,does she?
You havent finished homework,have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词
如:Lily is a student,isnt she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词
如:little,few,never,nothing,hard 等,其反意疑问句用肯定式。
如:He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
表达花费
1.spend 动词,表示花费金钱、时间
①spend...on sth.在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
②spend...doing sth.花费(金钱、时间)去做某事
如:
He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着上。(花金钱)
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。(花时间)
2. pay 的基本用法是:
① pay(sb.)money for sth. 花费钱(给某人)买。
② pay for sth. 付的钱。
③ pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
④ pay sb. 付钱给某人。
⑤ pay money back. 还钱。
⑥ pay off ones money. 还清钱。
如:
① I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。
② I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
③ Dont wory! Ill pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。
④ They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
3. take 后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
① It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
② doing sth.takes sb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
如:
① It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
② Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
4.cost 的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示值,常见用法如下:
① sth. costs(sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
② (doing)sth.costs(sb).时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
注意:cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
如:
① A new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
② Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
直击中考
2.【2015 湖南长沙】Tom spent 200 yuan ______ this book.
A.in B.on
C.for D.with
3.【2015 广东深圳】It ______ me two days to finish the work.
A.took B.cost
C.spent D.paid
4.【2015 天津】I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
A.spend B.cost
C.take D.pay
5.【2015 四川宜宾】I ______ $300 for the bike.
A.took B.spent
C.cost D.paid
答案见文末
unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引导,不能省略。例如:
Do you know who he is?
2. 由连接副词 how, where, when, why 引导, 也不可省略。例如:
I dont know where I can buy this kind of camera.
3. 宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
4. 主句与从句的时态关系:
(1) 如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。例如:
I dont know when she came here.
Can you tell me when he will come here?
(2) 如果主句是过去的时态,从句也应用过去时态的某一种。但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句时态的限制,应用一般现在时。例如:
He told us why he would stay at home the next day.
The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.
5. 某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式结构的简单句。例如:
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?
by+V-ing
★by+V-ing结构在句子中作方式状语,常用来表示以、靠、借助、通过、用(某种方法或手段)而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答 How do you...? 之类的问题。
★ 当 by 和表示交通工具的名词连用时,它与名词之间不用任何限定词,且名词用单数形式。
They often go to school by subway. 他们经常坐地铁上学。
★ by,in 和 with 都可以表示通过;借助。by 后接表示动作、行为的名词;in 表示用某种语言;用某种材料;with 后接表示物体或工具的名词。
如:
You may send the book by post. 你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。
提建议句式
①What/how about +doing sth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why dont you +do sth.?
如:Why dont you go shopping?
③Why not +do sth.?
如:Why not go shopping?
④Lets +do sth.
如:Lets go shopping
⑤Shall we/I+ do sth.?
如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!
宾语从句
that,if 和 whatever 引导的宾语从句:
★ 宾语从句中连接词的选择
1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句:that 在从句中无词义,不作任何成分,常可省略。如:
Jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper.
I think (that) you are right.
2. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句:if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时,一般可通用,都表示是否。如:
I dont know if / whether she still works there.
I want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street.
但在下列情况下,只能用 whether,而不能用 if:
(1)在 whether ... or not 或 whether or not 结构中,不能用 if。如:
Nobody knows whether or not it will rain.
(2)在介词之后用 whether。如:
Im interested in whether he likes English.
★ 主从句时态的呼应
当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可用各种时态;
当主句是一般过去时态时,从句常用过去的某种时态。
但当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,即使主句为过去时,宾语从句仍然用一般现在时态。如:
He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.
Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
直击中考
1.【2018.四川乐山】-Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.
-Dont mention it. _____ you have more questions,come to me any time.
A.If
B.Because
C.Though
答案见文末
反义疑问句
①肯定陈述句+否定提问。如:
Lily is a student isnt she?
Lily will go to China,wont she?
②否定陈述句+肯定提问。如:
She doesnt come from China,does she?
You havent finished homework,have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词
如:Lily is a student,isnt she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词
如:little,few,never,nothing,hard 等,其反意疑问句用肯定式。
如:He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
表达花费
1.spend 动词,表示花费金钱、时间
①spend...on sth.在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
②spend...doing sth.花费(金钱、时间)去做某事
如:
He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着上。(花金钱)
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。(花时间)
2. pay 的基本用法是:
① pay(sb.)money for sth. 花费钱(给某人)买。
② pay for sth. 付的钱。
③ pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
④ pay sb. 付钱给某人。
⑤ pay money back. 还钱。
⑥ pay off ones money. 还清钱。
如:
① I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。
② I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
③ Dont wory! Ill pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。
④ They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
3. take 后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
① It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
② doing sth.takes sb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
如:
① It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
② Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
4.cost 的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示值,常见用法如下:
① sth. costs(sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
② (doing)sth.costs(sb).时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
注意:cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
如:
① A new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
② Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
直击中考
2.【2015 湖南长沙】Tom spent 200 yuan ______ this book.
A.in B.on
C.for D.with
3.【2015 广东深圳】It ______ me two days to finish the work.
A.took B.cost
C.spent D.paid
4.【2015 天津】I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
A.spend B.cost
C.take D.pay
5.【2015 四川宜宾】I ______ $300 for the bike.
A.took B.spent
C.cost D.paid
答案见文末
unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引导,不能省略。例如:
Do you know who he is?
2. 由连接副词 how, where, when, why 引导, 也不可省略。例如:
I dont know where I can buy this kind of camera.
3. 宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
4. 主句与从句的时态关系:
(1) 如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。例如:
I dont know when she came here.
Can you tell me when he will come here?
(2) 如果主句是过去的时态,从句也应用过去时态的某一种。但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句时态的限制,应用一般现在时。例如:
He told us why he would stay at home the next day.
The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.
5. 某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式结构的简单句。例如:
② may,might,could 有可能,也许(20%、80%可能性)
③ can 不可能,不会(可能性几乎为零)
如:
The dictionary must be mine.It has my name on it.
The hair band cant be Bobs.After all,he is boy!
直击中考
18.【吉林长春】-Are the glasses Tims?
-No,they _______ be his.He doesnt wear glasses.
A.must
B.can
C.mustnt
D.cant
19.【江苏宿迁】-Excuse me,is this the way to No.10 Middle School?
-Oh,sory.Im not sure.But it ______ be.
A.must
B.should
C.need
D.may
答案见文末
unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.
定语从句
★ 定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。本单元主要学习由 who、that、which 引导的限制性定语从句。
★ 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
★ 关系代词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用:
(1)引导定语从句;
(2)代替先行词;
(3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。
who、that、which 一般在定语从句中充当关系代词
【例句】
① She is the girl who/that wants to see you.
② The man wants to find a house that/which is in the center of the city.
③ The story (that/which) he told me yesterday was interesting.
④ The girl (who/that) I talked to a moment ago is my cousin.
【总结】
1. 当先行词表示人时,引导定语从句的关系代词用 that 或 who;当先行词表示物时,引导定语从句的关系代词用 that 或 which。
2. 当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,关系代词不能省略;当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
直击中考
20.【2012绵阳市】I can never forget the stories ______ my grandma told me.
A.what
B.who
C.them
D.that
21.【2012浙江嘉兴】Most students like the teachers ______ understand them well.
A.who
B.when
C.what
D.which
答案见文末
unit 10 You re supposed to shake hands.
be supposed to
be supposed to 意为被期望或要求,其中 to 是动词不定式符号,其后要跟动词原形,be 有人称和时态的变化,其否定形式要在 be 后加 not。
当 be supposed to 的主语是人时,意为应该,它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词 should,如:
You are supposed to stop smoking. 你应该停止吸烟。
当 be supposed to 的主语是物时,表示本应;本该,用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生,如:
The new law is supposed to prevent crime. 新法令本该起到预防犯罪的作用。
be expected to
be expected to 意为被期望,表示一种可能性。其中 to 是动词不定式符号,其后要跟动词原形,be有人称和时态的变化,其否定形式要在 be 后加 not,如:
They are expected to finish the work today. 预期他们今天会完成工作。
It is + adj. + 动词不定式
It is + adj. + (for sb +)动词不定式意为做某事(对某人来说)。动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,如:
It is important for us to help each other. 互相帮助对我们来说很重要。
sothat
★ sothat 如此...以致于,引导结果状语从句,so 后面接形容词、副词。
★ so that 作为了时,引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词,作结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用情态动词。
如:
She got up early so that she could catch the bus.
为了能赶上车,她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
She was so sad that she couldnt say a word.
她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)风,毫无预兆地席卷整片旷野,撩动人的思绪万千。
unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.
使役动词 make
make 作使役动词时,意为使、让。具体用法如下:
★ make + sb / sth+ 形容词,意为使某人或某物,其中形容词作宾语补足语。例如:
Soft music makes me sleepy. 轻柔的音乐让我想睡觉。
What he said made the teacher very angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。
★ make + sb / sth+ 动词原形,意为使某人或某物,此处的动词原形是省略 to 的动词不定式,也作宾语补足语。例如:
That man made me think of my dear grandfather. 那位老人让我想起了我亲爱的爷爷。
Bad environment makes people want to leave the city. 糟糕的环境让人们想离开城市。
★ 使役动词 make 后跟省略 to 的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,须加上 to。例如:
The teacher made me repeat the story.
I was made to repeat the story by the teacher.
宾语从句
由 连接词+主语+谓语 构成,常由下面的一些连接词引导:
★ 由 that 引导表示陈述意义 that 可省略。如:
He says (that) he is at home.他说他在家里。
★ 由 if,whether 引导表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、己否、对否等)。如:
I dont know if /whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
★ 由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)引导表示特殊疑问意义。如:
Do you know what he wants to buy?你知道他想要买什么吗?
★ 从句时态要与主句一致,当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态。如:
He says (that ) he is at home.他说他在家里。
I dont know (that) she is singing now.我不知道她正在唱歌。
直击中考
22.【2018四川成都】-How beautiful your skirt is!Could you please tell me ______?
-Thanks.I bought it on Taobao.
A.where you bought it
B.when you bought it
C.why you bought it
答案见文末
unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
过去完成时
【例句】
① She had seen ten films by last Friday. 到上周五为止,她已经看了十部电影了。
② By the end of last October, she had collected 400 stamps. 到去年十月末,她已经收集了 400 枚邮票了。
③ By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had already cooked dinner. 我父母昨天到家时,我已经做晚饭了。
④ Before Rebecca came to China in 2014, she had taught English in Korea for two years. 丽贝卡在 2014 年来中国之前,已经在韩国教了两年英语了。
⑤ When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。
【寻找窍门】
通过上面的句子,发现了什么规律?快来总结一下吧!
直击中考
23.【2011 陕西】Some students in Shanghai ______ e-bags for several months.
A.have
B.have had
C.had
D.will have
答案见文末
unit 13 Were trying to save the earth!
现在进行时
表示现阶段或现在正在进行的动作。常与 now,these days 等时间状语连用。另外,句中有 look,listen 等词暗示时,常用现在进行时。
现在进行时谓语构成:is/am/are + 动词的现在分词。
现在完成时
表示过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在,也许还要持续下去的动作或状态。常与 already,yet,before,so far,in the last three years,recently,for + 时间段,since+ 时间点等连用。
现在完成时构成:have / has + 动词的过去分词。
直击中考
24.【2011福建泉州】-Dad,I ______ the station for minutes,but nobody came to meet me.
-Dont worry.Ill go to meet you soon.
A.arrived at
B.have been at
C.will reach
答案见文末
被动语态
当没有或没必要指出动作的执行者或需要强调动作的承受者时,一般用被动语态。
被动语态谓语构成:be + 动词的过去分词。
unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.
一般过去时
He managed to get to the top of the Himalayas after trying several times.
在尝试了几次之后,他设法到达了喜马拉雅山山顶。
She borrowed some books from the library yesterday afternoon.
她昨天下午从图书馆借了几本书。
She went to Beijing last week.
他上周去了北京。
直击中考
25.【2016 绵阳】-Dont you see the sign No Parking! on the right?
-Sorry,I ______ .But now I know parking here is not right.
A.dont
B.didnt
C.hadnt
D.doesnt
答案见文末
宾语从句
I cant remember where I first met her.
我不记得我第一次见到她是在哪里。
We havent decided if/whether we will buy a new table.
我们还没决定是否买一张新桌子。
The English teacher told us (that) we would have a test next week.
英语老师告诉我们下周要进行考试。
be going to
He is going to write a letter tonight.
他打算今晚写一封信。
There is going to be a football game on Saturday afternoon.
周六下午将有一场足球赛。
Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain.
看那些乌云,快要下雨了。
参考答案:1.A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5.D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9.B 10.C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14.D 15. D 16.C 17. A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.A 22.A 23. B 24.B 25.B
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