语法精讲 ▏形容词副词的比较级和最高级

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词，如：

smallsmallersmallest

shortshortershortest

（2）双音节词，如：

clevercleverercleverest

narrownarrowernarrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；如：

largelargerlargest

3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：

bigbiggerbiggest

hothotterhottest

fatfatterfattest

4．以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：

easyeasiereasiest

heavyheavierheaviest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：

beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful

differentmore differentmost different

easilymore easilymost easily

注意：

（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常.

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。如：good/wellbetterbest

bad/illworseworst

oldolder/elderoldest/eldest

many/muchmoremost

littlelessleast

far further/farther

furthest/farthes

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B，意思为A比B更。

如：This tree is taller than that one.

这棵树比那棵树高。

注意：

①在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

②在比较级前面使用much，even, a little, a lot, a bit, far 等词修饰。

A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③very, quite, so, too, enough只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

2．比较级+ and + 比较级或more and more +原级，表示越来越

①It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。

②It is getting cooler and cooler.

天气越来越凉爽。

③The wind became more and more heavily.

风变得越来越大。

④Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的学校变得越来越美丽

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

Who is taller, Tim or Tom?

谁更高，Tim还是Tom?

4. the +比较级, the+比较级，表示越越。

①The more money you make, the more you spend.

钱你赚得越多，花得越多。

②The sooner，the better. 越快越好。

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A + be +倍数+ times +the + 形容词对应名词形式+ of + B.

The new building is three times the height of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。

(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A + be +倍数+ times+as +原级+ as+ B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A + be + 序数词+比较级+ than + B.

Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍。

6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示最的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。

He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的。

7.as...as...表示同级比较，意为像一样两个as之间用形容词副词的原级。其否定形式为not as/so...as...,意为不像那样。

①Wang Wei runs as fast as Liu Bin.

王伟和刘斌跑的一样快。

②My hometown is not as/so famous as Beijing.

我的家乡没有北京有名。

8.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示：第几最。如：

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

黄河是中国第二长河。

9.形容词最高级前面可以有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用冠词。如：

This is our best lesson today.

这是我们今天最好的一节课

中招真题演练：

1.(2015河南)--What a clear blue sky it is!

--Yes. I have never seen _____ sky.

A.a more bueutiful

B.a most beautiful

C.the more beautiful

D.the most beautiful

2.(2015重庆)He has ______ arms now and is able to pick the table up with one hand.

A.weakest B.weaker

C.strangest D.stranger

3.(2015江西)--The scarves are all beautiful. I cant decide which one to choose.

--Oh, look at this red one. I think its ______ .

A.beautiful

B.more beautiful

C.the most beautiful

D.less beautiful

4.(2015广东广州)Emma looked after her pet dog ____ of all her friends.

A.careful

B.most careful

C.more carefully

D.the most carefully

5.(2015上海)Alex did the project on community service _____ better than his classmates.

A.so B.very

C.too D.much

你做对了吗？

keys: A D C D D