语法精讲 | 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1.共同点：

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。

2.区别：

①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。

Who opened the door? (谁开的门？只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)

Who has opened the door? (谁把门开了？强调门现在依然还开着。)

②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作，如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。

☆特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示自过去某一时间一直延续到现在，应用现在完成时。

He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.

I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I cant find it now.

My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.

③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？)

--The train has left.

--When did the train leave?

④since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。

We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.

⑤有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与现在无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则表示包括现在在内。

I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。)

I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。)

He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。)

He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)

同步练习

动词填空：

1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday.

2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer?

3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?

--I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but its nowhere to be found.

4.When ______you______(start) to live in China?

5.--The train______ (leave) already.

--When ______ the train ______(leave)?

6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last.

7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks?

8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.

单项选择：

( ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.

-- I _____ it right here. But now its gone!

A.did you put; have put

B. have you put;put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; have put

( ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.

A. taught; came

B.has taught; came

C. taught; has come

D. has taught; has come

( ) 3. I am sorry youve missed the train. It_____ 10 minutes ago. (山东)

A. left B. has left

C. has been left D.had left

( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! Its one year since I last _____ you.(重庆)

A. saw B. see

C. seeing D. have seen

( ) 5. -- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? （宁波）

-- Yes, I ____ it yesterday.

A. have visited B. had visited

C. visited D. visit

( ) 6. -- Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)

-- I _____ in Bejing. Ive just come back.

A. hadnt seen; am

B. havent seen; was

C. didnt see; will be

D. havent seen; shall be

( ) 7. --What is the weather like this summer here?

-- There ____ very little rain.

A. has B. has been

C. are D. have been

( ) 8. When ____you ____ your dictionary?

A. did; lose B. has; lost

C. will; lose D. does; lose

( ) 9. Where ____ you _____? Which answer is not right?

A. are; going B. have; been

C. did; go D.are; doing

( ) 10. There ____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.

A. were B. have

C. are D. have been

Keys:

动词填空：

1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put

4. did,start 5. has left, did, leave

6. met 7. have, been

8. have lost

单项选择：

1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD